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News Details |
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Analysis of "forklift" works
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Forklift truck service covers security, maintenance and repair , used forklifts, forklift rental , forklift parts and other services , also appeared forklift financing, forklift training, forklift electronic and other new forms of services , after -market services sub-sectors and the new truck service approach , described a variety of service models will gradually become the development direction of China's future truck aftermarket . Chengguan Forklift Parts understanding forklift works as follows:
First, the overall structure of the forklift
Forklift variety, but no matter what type of truck , basically consists of the following four major sections :
( 1 ) the power section . Provide power for the truck , usually installed in the rear of the forklift , and play the role of counterweight .
( 2 ) chassis. Power to accept the power plant , the truck movement and ensure their normal walking.
( 3 ) the working portion . To take the fork and lift cargo.
( 4 ) electrical equipment.
Due to differences in the structure and location of most of the composition of the truck than 4 , the formation of different types of truck. Counterbalanced forklift truck is a most common form . Here we have an example of such trucks , forklifts describes the composition of each part .
1 . Dynamic part
The most dynamic part of the internal combustion forklifts are powered reciprocating piston internal combustion engine . It has a gasoline engine , diesel and liquefied petroleum gas machine ; powerplant is a battery electric forklift and DC series wound motors composition. In recent years, mining , another new truck came , their power is dual-fuel or dual power .
Power transmission system is accepted and passed to the device with the power lines . It generally has two mechanical driveline and drivetrain hydraulic mechanical . The former by the friction clutch , the gear transmission, a universal drive means mounted in the drive and the main drive axle and differential of the composition ; latter substituted friction torque converter clutch , the former is identical with the rest . In recent years, mining , another truck came new , all- hydraulic drive system . Reducing the drive components to ensure reliability.
2 . Chassis part
Driving system is to ensure that the forklift truck rolling run and support the entire device , the frame, axles , wheels and suspension devices and other components ; front axle truck for the drive axle , which is to increase the front axle load during load handling to improve the quality of the drive wheels attached , so that the ground increased adhesion to ensure that the driving force of the engine into full play . Subsequently bridge steering axle . Located in front of the driver's steering , gear shift lever and other items placed on the right side of the driver's seat .
Steering system is used according to the direction of the truck driver's intention determined walking system , forklift steering by turning the energy needed can be divided into mechanical steering system and power steering system in two . The former driver's fitness to shift energy from the steering gear, steering linkage and steering mechanism consisting of three parts ; latter is combined engine power driver's fitness and energy to turn the steering device . Under normal conditions , the energy required for steering the truck , the driver is provided by only a small part , by the engine through the most . Afterburner device provides over-steer . However, when the steering afterburner device failure , the general should also be able to bear the task of steering by the driver . When forklift operation , turning to walk varied, in order to alleviate the burden on the driver's manipulation of internal combustion forklifts use more power steering . Commonly used power steering with integral power steering , semi- integral power steering gear and steering booster three kinds .
Braking system is to slow down or stop the truck system . It consists of brake and transmission mechanism . Braking system braking energy can be divided according to the Department of Human braking , dynamic braking system and servo brake system three kinds . The former driver's fitness for the braking energy ; those who rely entirely on the power of the engine turned into a pneumatic or hydraulic braking energy in the form of potential energy ; former and the latter is a combination of those .
On forklift trucks , forklifts equipped rear counterweight to balance the quality of the goods in front of the truck , forklift power plant (internal combustion engine ) or battery, usually mounted on the rear of the truck , part of a balancing role to play .
3 . Working part
Working portion is work directly forklift loading and unloading mechanism , which is composed by the following portions of 5 :
( 1 ) Extract tool. It is based on a variety of work represented fork attachments for fork to take , gripping , scooping cargo.
( 2 ) Lifting shelves. Used to install forks or other work attachment , cargo lift and drag along .
( 3 ) the door frame . It is the skeleton of the work equipment , most of parts and the working device mounted on the door frame . Two-piece door frame from the outside along the outer door frame and the door frame , door frame under the lifting of the composition ; Section III door frame from the inside , middle and outside three mast components.
( 4 ) Mast tilt mechanism . Front of gantry tilt , composed mainly of the tilt cylinder .
( 5) The hoisting mechanism . Drag the cargo lift and lower power device traction devices . Mainly by the sprocket , chain and drive shelf lift lifting cylinder components.
( 6 ) hydraulic control system . It is inclined to lift cargo and door frame , and on the other by a hydraulic system to complete the action, to achieve timely control aggregate device. It consists of hydraulic components, piping and control mechanism and other components.
4 . Electrical equipment
Electrical equipment mainly by battery , forklifts lighting, all kinds of warning alarm signaling devices and other electrical components and wiring components. Telehandlers have series wound DC motor ; internal combustion forklifts with electric starter ; addition, there are high-pressure gasoline spark ignition device forklift .
Second, the truck works
Generally balanced forklift trucks , mostly as a seesaw , it must first identify the center of gravity of the load . The load center of gravity we called , that is half the length of the tray . For example: pallet dimensions are length (D) 1000mm × width (W) 1200mm, then the load center is 500mm. Forklift Load center 500mm or 600mm mostly based, so you know when the truck's standard load center , they must find out from this kind of forklift truck specifications table or graph . Truck tonnage is the maximum load value forklift handling, transportation of goods, is based on the structural strength of the various parts of the hydraulic system pressure and stability to the design. Forklift trucks stability in short, leverage ( seesaw ) , in a critical state , if the goods side of the tiny force, before the forklift will turn .
In the design of the vehicle , the safety coefficient is generally set to ≥ 1.4, in order to ensure the safe operation of the forklift . Load curve table shows the permissible load and load centers relations within the operating range of the load table values can prevent accidents
Second, the comparison of internal combustion forklifts and electric forklifts
1 , the characteristics of internal combustion forklifts and working environment :
( 1 ) . Counterbalanced diesel forklifts, large size, but its stability , it is appropriate overloading, unlimited use of time , the use of the venue usually outdoors. Compared with gasoline engines , diesel engine power is better ( low speed difficult to turn off, overload , long and strong operational capability ) , low fuel costs. However, vibration, noise, large displacement , self-important, the price is high , load weight by 0.5 to 45 tons .
( 2 ) . Counterbalanced forklift gasoline , larger, but its stability , it is appropriate overloading, unlimited use of time , the use of the venue usually outdoors. Shape small gasoline engine , light weight , high output power , operating noise and vibration and low prices. But gasoline engine overload , prolonged poor operational capacity , higher fuel costs are considerable . Load weight by 0.5 to 4.5 tons .
( 3 ) . LPG counterbalanced forklift ( referred LPG) that is retrofitted counterbalanced forklift LPG gas conversion device , it becomes LPG forklifts, through the switch can be switched using gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas . The biggest advantage is LPG forklift emissions is good, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions significantly less than gasoline , fuel costs low (15KG LPG equivalent of 20 liters of gasoline ) , suitable for indoor environments demanding jobs .
2 , electric forklift characteristics and work environment
( 1 ) Electric Pallet Truck
The main function is to achieve electric pallet truck to move pallets of goods from point to point in the plane , so there is no Mast system for focusing on handling, without stacking places , self -propelled , ride-on , ride- ride Three types , the cost varies.
( 2 ) electric pallet truck
Electric pallet truck is a light interior upgrade stacking equipment , focusing on stacking feature, because the body lightweight. Suitable materials handling small light in the warehouse or other narrow floor -type places .
( 3 ) Reach truck
Reach truck lifting mechanism can be moved around the truck portrait . When the fork take the goods. Four center pivot wheels fall within the cargo composition. So reach truck has good flexibility , high lift safety and stability. Its load range is typically 1-2.5 tons, lifting height up to 12 meters . However, due to the smaller wheels . By nature limited, and because the structure of the complex , high cost, and therefore suitable for narrow space , lifting height require a higher place , and more for high-level storage warehouse .
( 4 ) Universal Electric Forklift
Universal universal electric forklift can travel , in addition to the main features have counterbalanced forklifts , the three wheels can be consistent with any angle towards ~ directions, so the models to flexible, take the fork in the cargo space can be restricted according to the original in turn , moves the truck either direction. The model solves the long-shaped material steering problems in a narrow space , greatly saving space , oblique stacking and removal can be achieved within the train and the bus compartment.
( 5 ) Four-way electric forklift
Set of four-way electric forklift reach truck side fork, forklift trucks functions in one. In the structure . It is basically the same and reach truck mast is located between the front and rear wheels , and the car in front of the two was inserted arm outstretched legs, the front end is equipped with support wheels straddle goods but also in the truck with the mast vertical move back and forth . When unloading cargo fork , fork extends after cargo unloading fork fork close to the vehicle body back to the neutral position , thus greatly improving driving stability truck .
Reach truck with the exception that the two -way bearing wheel electric forklift fork leg end can turn rotated 90 ° by 90 ° when the rear wheel through the steering mechanism , the truck can be left in situ into a driving state from the front with equivalent lateral forks, material handling and therefore more suitable for narrow elongate channel. The minimum channel width can usually be less than two meters . But the structure is complex and costly .
(6) VNA forklift narrow channel
The main features of VNA forklift narrow channel is to do a three-way rotation Mast agencies when stacking without turning the body , just turn the goods or door frame . Therefore, the channel width requirements greatly reduced. The smallest channel 1.8 m or less. But at the same time . Channel width also depends on the size of the tray . For example , when you are still unable to narrow the width of the channel carrying elongated cargo. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the lateral stacking , the whole weight is far greater than the required three-wheel electric counterbalanced forklifts, therefore slightly worse economy .
The following focuses on the rational use of small tonnage counterbalanced forklift .
Third, the two kinds of forklift respective strengths
1 , the use of electric drive electric forklift , compared with internal combustion forklifts, with no pollution, easy to operate , energy efficient and so on. With economic development and environmental protection, energy requirements increase, the rapid development of electric forklifts . Sales volume increased year by year . Especially in ports, warehousing and tobacco , food, textile and other industries , electric forklifts are gradually replace the internal combustion forklifts.
2 , compared with internal combustion forklifts electric forklifts , has good stability , suitable overloading, unlimited use of time , the use of the venue usually outdoors, such as construction sites, pier.
IV Summary
There are two types of trucks with less than their different characteristics , but also have their own living space, so there is no one of which completely replaced by another , and their actual meaning can be summarized as follows
1 . High efficiency, low running costs.
Not only mechanized handling than conventional manual handling operations a short time, but also reduces labor expenses and costs, improve work efficiency. Moving in the same cycle , significantly reducing the number of operations of the forklift truck tires corresponding drive gear , fuel consumption is reduced accordingly, operating costs are reduced accordingly.
2 . Safe and reliable operation , reducing the accident rate .
By a professional manufacturer of forklift attachments are designed and manufactured with different sectors working conditions are designed with a safety device when abnormal situation folder ( or fork ) cargo easy to fall , as the folder is a kind of pressure holding device ; generic lateral end of a buffer devices , reducing the accident rate .
3 . Cargo small loss.
Is clamped by means of a unique , lateral rotation and other functions, goods can be transported more safely or piled high or handling , and thus the degree of loss of the goods to a minimum. Is also reduced with the use of the frequency of use of the tray , the corresponding purchase and maintenance costs have been reduced.
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